Main propulsion steam turbines pdf

The thermodynamic design of a combined steam and gas. Many of these warships and naval auxiliaries demand highperformance, flexible and durable propulsion systems. The steam turbine will exhaust into the condenser which will be at a high vacuum. Turning devices are installed on turbine ships to prevent thermal damage to the turbine rotors while warming up and cooling down. Most students of steam history know that as a technology, steam turbines are most efficient when rotating at high speeds. This video will explain the inner workings of the steam turbines and why they are constructed the way they are in a step by step logical. Marine turbine engines have mostly been replaced by large two stroke diesel engines as a means of ships propulsion. It is for this reason that the article describes the main types of propulsion systems a ship can use according to its capacity. Marine turbine engines how does a steam turbine work on ships. Waste heat recovery from marine gas turbines and diesel. Pdf steam turbines generally were used as a main engine in several kinds of ships which need more power to propel during 1800s and the mid of the. In a steam turbine, if the main oil pump fails, what will. Hp turbine 6681rpm at 95 propeller rpm lp turbine 3444rpm at. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc.

In 1672 an impulse steam turbine driven car was designed by ferdinand verbiest. The type of propulsion system used depends on the ships type and function. Main engines me propulsion ships service turbine generators sstg electricity condensation. With the latest reheatregenerative cycle systems and stateofthe art technologies to improve plant efficiency, our ultra steam turbine plant ust delivers the best economic and environmental performance to all customers. The use of petroleum for ship propulsion began in the late nineteenth century, shortly after the discovery and production of commercially available petroleum. The thermodynamic design of a combined steam and gas turbine.

Thus, at all powers above approximately 33%, all steam was admitted to the firststage nozzles of the main turbine, except for a small quantity that continued to be admitted through a pilot valve incorporated integrally with cruising nozzle no. Steam power plant an overview sciencedirect topics. For competition reasons many steam turbine manufacturers decided to improve steam turbine efficiency. The report includes data and information on the turbines according to navseasyscom. Ideally when mop fails, an auxiliary ac oil pump will come into service provided it is in auto it usually start either by low lube oil pressure switch or with turbine low rpm steam turbines generally were used as a main engine in several kinds of ships which need more power to propel during 1800s and the mid of the 20th century. The core is shielded in the radial direction by a primary and a secondary shield. The main elements common to all gas turbine engines are. Waste heat recovery from marine gas turbines and diesel engines. Gas turbines power november, 2011 advances in steam turbines for marine propulsion. A new model for the analysis and simulation of steam turbines at partial and full load j. Combined gas and steam turbine as prime mover in marine applications. Three basic phases can be distinguished in the process of steam turbine unit. The power generation order survey examines reciprocat.

Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. The rotor is turned by steam impinging against attached vanes or blades on which it exerts a force in the tangential direction. Development of high efficiency marine propulsion plant. Lng as a substitute marine fuel have advantages in terms of the emissions of so x, no x and co 2.

Gas turbine, an internal combustion engine ice, working in a brayton cycle, derived from aviation turbines, able to burn marine diesel, kerosene, or jet fuel, are used in some fast ships e. This textbook comprises of ten chapters ranging from brief introduction and elements of rocket propulsion, aerothermodynamics to solid, liquid and hybrid propellant rocket engines with chapter on electrical propulsion. Main propulsion plant dd445 and 692 classes and converted. The type of propulsion system used in a ship depends on several factors such as speed, power, ship type etc. Abstract the gas turbines areknown to have good efficiency when used in combined cycle.

Navantia has participated in the manufacture and commissioning of the steam turbines of the main power generation plants in spain, such as nuclear and thermal power plants, cogeneration and biomass plants, as well as other industrial applications. Steam flow in this turbine takes place in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the turbine. This was mainly because of the great difference in fuel consumption, even modern oilfired steam boilers consumption was up to 30% more than that of todays big diesels. Nowadays, steam turbines are used as a main engine andor combine engine. Steam propulsion conventional steam ship platforms are each configured in their own unique way to support the mission of the ship.

One environmental change for lng carriers in recent years is the very rapid increase in propulsion plant energy. The air ejector draws out the air and vapours which are released from the condensing steam in the condenser. The name of motor ships are often prefixed with ms. The main components of the sgt500s core engine sit ab, 2017.

Pdf aerothermodynamics of gas turbine and rocket propulsion. Marine turbine engines how does a steam turbine work on. The object of the analysis is the combined gas turbinesteam turbine system which is compared to the combined marine lowspeed diesel enginesteam. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine. The main steam stop, guardian and bulkhead stop valves are to be shut prior to maintenance work being carried out.

Steam turbines may be classified into different categories depending on their construction, working pressures, size and many other parameters. Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across water. Apr 28, 2015 the subject of this paper is the thermodynamic design of a 25,000 shp combined steam and gas turbine cogas powerplant for marine propulsion. The mt30 gas turbines that will power the queen elizabeth class aircraft carriers are the most powerful inservice gas turbines in the world. Main propulsion plant dd445 and 692 classes and converted types, operation manual, revision 1, jan 1946 was created just after ww ii. Although aircraft propulsion is the focus, the material can also be used to study ground and marinebased gas turbines and turbomachinery and some advanced topics in compressors and turbines. Usually, large diameter bolts on the main turbine are tightened by hand using a slug wrench. Comparing combined gas tubrinesteam turbine and marine low speed piston enginesteam turbine systems in naval applications abstract the article compares combined systems in naval applications. The subject of this paper is the thermodynamic design of a 25,000 shp combined steam and gas turbine cogas powerplant for marine propulsion.

Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. A steam turbine consists of a rotor resting on bearings and enclosed in a cylindrical casing. We divide the data into three reports in order to provide a more indepth look at each market segment. Steam turbine coastal liners of the west coast san. Steam travels down main steam piping turbines convert thermal energy mechanical energy nozzles and then work blading turn rotorshaft pressure drops as steam goes through work performed on turbine blading. Combined gas and steam turbine as prime mover in marine.

In the case where a simulated test would be unsatisfactory and operation with live steam has to be carried out, then the vessel is. Pdf the paper presents exergy analysis of main propulsion steam turbine from lng carrier steam propulsion plant. A ship propulsion reactor has a cylindrical core of height 112 cm and radius 57 cm. If the air were not removed from the system it could cause corrosion problems in the boiler. Our steam turbines equip 41% of the worlds combinedcycle plants, 30% of fossil power plants, and 50% of the worlds nuclear power plants. Introduction until a few years ago, steam turbines were used for almost all lng carriers for the propulsion plant because.

While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting of an electric motor or engine turning a propeller, or less frequently, in pumpjets, an impeller. This pushing force is transformed, by a connecting rod. Its advantages of little or no vibration, low weight, minimal space requirements and low maintenance costs are considerable. For information concerning turbines used to drive ships service turbogenerators and for information concerning propulsion steam turbines, refer to nstm chapter 231, propulsion turbines steam. A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. Some ships have separate machinery spaces for steam generation and turbine operations, while others combine all main propulsion machinery in one machinery space. A more modern version of this car was produced some time in the late 18th. A closed feed system for a high pressure watertube boiler supplying a main propulsion steam turbine is shown in figure above. The devices described by taqi aldin and wilkins are today known as steam jacks. How an air ejector works in a boiler feed system steam turbines. These turbines are mostly used for driving centrifugal compressors, blowers, and so on. Its modern manifestation was invented by sir charles parsons in 1884. Main propulsion turbine condition report the main propulsion turbine condition report is a letter report of the condition of each propulsion turbine and is submitted to navseasyscom via the type commander 3 months before each regular overhaul.

The superheated steam enters the high pressure hp stage the astern turbine is on the same shaft and. A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam turbines are more compact and usually permit higher temperatures and greater expansion ratios than reciprocating read more. For marine applications this is a problem since, on board a ship, the main goal is to rotate one or more propellers to create thrust to move the ship through the water. Nowadays, steam turbines are used as a main engine. Hp turbine 6681rpm at 95 propeller rpm lp turbine 3444rpm at 95 propeller rpm astern power 11,800 hp. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn. With the lubricating oil supply maintained, low vacuum, and gland steam on the turbines are to be turned on ahead steam for approximately 2 propeller revolutions every five minutes, using astern steam as appropriate for checking ahead rotation only. Of course, crawling propulsion can be used to move along the sea floor, but this is a rarity because of the muddy. Measurement data required for turbine exergy analysis were obtained during the lng. How an air ejector works in a boiler feed system steam.

Recently, incidents of noncompliance, due to operator error, have occurred. Steam turbines generally were used as a main engine in several kinds of ships which need more power to propel during 1800s and the mid of the 20th century. The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation in the 1990s about 90% of the worlds electric production was by use of steam turbines however the recent widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants has resulted in reduction of this percentage to the 80% regime for steam turbines. Turbine a steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. In the steam turbine, steam is discharged at high velocity through nozzles and then flows through a series of stationary and moving blades, causing a rotor to move at high speeds. The paper presents exergy analysis of main propulsion steam turbine from lng carrier steam propulsion plant. This whole system, along with other vital machineries is known as the ship propulsion system. The main engine of a ship is connected to its propeller with the help of a shaft. General overview of late design 1976 general electric steam propulsion turbines 30,000 hp. By the early twentieth century, most commercial ships had converted from coal to oilfired steam boiler propulsion plants. Development of high efficiency marine propulsion plant ultra. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. The main distinction is the manner in which the steam is expanded as it passes through the turbine.

Jan 18, 2018 general overview of late design 1976 general electric steam propulsion turbines 30,000 hp. The plant includes a highpressure ratio, aircrafttype gas turbine which exhausts into an unfired, lowpressure wasteheat boiler. A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant. Marine engineering is the discipline concerned with the. Auxiliary feed systems for boilers and steam turbines where, for instance, steam. Mms operate and maintain steam turbines and reduction gears used for ship propulsion and auxiliary machinery such as turbogenerators, pumps and oil purifiers. They also maintain auxiliary machinery outside of main machinery. Pdf exergy analysis of the main propulsion steam turbine from.

The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. Pdf exergy analysis of the main propulsion steam turbine. Titanics prime mover an examination of propulsion and power revised january 31, 2011 by samuel halpern as most us know, the triplescrew steamer titanic, and her sister ship olympic, were propelled by a combined machinery arrangement consisting of two reciprocating engines and a single parsons turbine. It describes the peak of ww ii us destroyer propulsion technology. Marine steam turbine engines have largely been replaced by the more. Over the last 100 years, ge has manufactured and installed a worldwide fleet of steam turbines. The book follows a unified approach to present the basic principles of rocket propulsion in concise and lucid form.